Freedom and Animal Welfare

The keeping of captive animals in zoos and aquariums has long been controversial. Many take freedom to be a crucial part animal welfare and, on these grounds, criticise all forms captivity as harmful welfare, regardless their provisions. Here, we analyse what it might mean for matter distinguishing between the role an intrinsic good, valued its own sake instrumental value arising from increased ability provide other important resources. Too often, this debate is conducted through trading intuitions about matters animals. We argue need collection comparative data wild order settle issue. Discovering more links will then allow empirically informed ethical decisions regarding